Weland in the summer of 1974 the author conducted a program of meristem tip culture for the purpose of developing a procedure to recover healthy stock from virus infected dahlias in a home environment. Among the prevalent tissue culture techniques of agricultural and horticultural promise, meristem and shoot tip culture has been exploited at a much wider scale primarily due to its application in diverse areas such as rapid clonal multiplication of vegetatively propagated crop plants, virus elimination and germplasm preservation of both vegetatively and seed propagated crops kartha. Chapter 3 plant tissue culture linkedin slideshare. Meristem culture particularly involves the cultivation of the shoot apical meristem.
Meristem tip culture for in vitro eradication of grapevine leaf roll. Meristemtip culture for propagation and virus elimination. The history of meristem culture essentially began with the first successful culture of meristem tips of nasturtium tropaeolium majus and formation of rooted plants. Meristem, region of cells capable of division and growth in plants. A procedure which has yielded good results with one plant species.
In recent years, considerable effort has been made to develop in. Low cost options for tissue culture technology in developing. Use of meristem tip culture to eliminate carnation latent. Meristem tip culture for propagation and virus elimination. Establishment of a standard protocol for in vitro meristem. Production of healthy plant materials by shoot tip meristem culture is a scientific and technical movie, illustrating the different stages of the meristem culture, that allows the regeneration. However, control of insects and contaminating microorganisms is difficult. Production of healthy plant materials by shoot tip. Morel and martin 1952 developed the technique of meristem culture for in vivo virus eradication of dahlia.
When virus or bacteria elimination is needed, meristemtip culture is the preferred option. Pdf use of meristem tip culture to eliminate carnation latent virus. The journal of horticultural science and biotechnology. The following plant parts are extensively used in commercial micropropagation. Elimination of sweet potato virus disease agents by. The tips of shoots which contain the shoot apical meristem can be cultured in vitro producing clumps of shoots from either axillary or adventitious buds. The lateral roots continue to grow and provide several roots, which after seven. Water culture will supply meristems for a short period of time 23 months, but the plants are kept in a cleaner, more controlled environment. Cells in the meristem can develop into all the other tissues and organs that occur in plants.
The virus was found to be mechanically transmi ssible to chenopodium quinoa, c. It is widely used to produce clones of a plant in a method known as micropropagation. This system of propagation, in addition to being slow, can spread plant diseases, particularly serious being viral. The apical meristem can be shoot,root or of floral origin.
Sixty in vitro plants 15 of them from meristem culture of a. Root tip culture meristem root tip culture root apical meristem is mainly responsible for the growth of roots by cell division, cell enlargement and cellular differentiation. High pure viral nucleid acid kit was used for rna extraction of garlic samples. Shoot meristem culture the first application of meristem culture was to obtain virus free plants of dahalias.
The meristem is a type of tissue that occurs in plants. Tips of the lateral roots are sterilised, excised and transferred to fresh medium. Jun 27, 2017 morel and martin 1952 developed the technique of meristem culture for in vivo virus eradication of dahlia. Willem iskandar, psr v, medan, sumatera utara, indonesia. In crops vegetatively propagated, virus infection of plants is a problem that can reduce production to noneconomical levels. The in vitro propagation technique for producing banana using shoot tip cultures is a necessary approach in dealing with the problems encountered in tissue culture. In meristem tip culture there is a partition of undifferentiated plant cells which are not valuable cells from shoot tips. Virus elimination from grape selections using tissue culture. Characteristically, vascular plants grow and develop through the activity of organforming regions, the growing points. When sprouts from the roots reach a height of 10 20 cm they are ready to be harvested for meristem tip culture. Shoots develop from a small group of cells known as shoot apical meristem. Pdf elimination of chrysanthemum stunt viroid csvd from.
Excision of strawberry microshoot tip for virus elimination. The essence of meristemtip culture is the excision of the organized apex of the shoot from a selected donor plant for subsequent in vitro culture. Foundation plant services guide to the strawberry clean. Plant development plant development the activity of meristems. Ppt meristem culture powerpoint presentation free to view. There are useful repotato in vitro culture techniques and biotechnology. Shoots of all angiosperms and gymnosperms grow by virtue of their apical meristems. Mar 01, 2018 excision of strawberry microshoot tip for virus elimination. Meristem cultures have the disadvantage that they may have.
The shoot tips of 23 cm from plants apexes that had undergone 4 weeks of heat treatment were excised and stored in sterile distilled water. Cloves of garlic were waited in 25% sodium hypochlorite for 20 minutes for surface sterilization and washed 45 times with sterile water. Multiple shoot proliferation was initiated during the culture. Oct 02, 2018 root tip culture meristem root tip culture root apical meristem is mainly responsible for the growth of roots by cell division, cell enlargement and cellular differentiation. Meristems are classified by their location in the plant as apical located at root and shoot tips, lateral in the vascular and cork cambia, and intercalary at internodes, or stem regions between the places at which leaves attach, and leaf bases, especially of certain monocotyledonse. When sprouts from the roots reach a height of 10 20 cm they are ready to be harvested for meristemtip culture. Pdf elimination of chrysanthemum stunt viroid csvd. Culture of meristem tips and micropropagation of 12.
Use of tissue culture techniques for producing virusfree. Meristem tip culture meristem tip culture was carried out according to the international institute of tropical agriculture iita and wasswa protocols 4, 14. Meristem tip or shoot tip culture using apical meristems has been used as a tool to produce virusfree plants hendre et al. Fragaria chiloensis, meristem culture, plant growth regulators, virus elimination. A simple procedure of gossypium meristem shoot tip culture. The vascular plants exhibit an open system of growth involving formation of new tissues and organs throughout. Meristem tip culture the main aim of meristem tip culture is to obtain virus free plants, but it has also enabled plants to be freed from other pathogens including viroids, mycoplasmas, bacteria and fungi. A meristem plant is the term used in industry to refer to a plant grown in tissue culture from a meristem tip. Meristem cultures have the disadvantage that they may have a higher mortality rate and an initial slower growth.
The main reasons for producing meristem plants are to eliminate pathogens from planting material and to reinvigorate plants. Find powerpoint presentations and slides using the power of, find free. Slack sa 1980 pathogenfree plants by meristemtip culture. Meristem plants produce many more daughter plants than are produced by conventionallypropagated plants. Fragaria chiloensis, meristem culture, plant growth regulators, virus. The use of tissue culture was investigated as a mean to eliminate the two viruses. The material can be stored in tissue culture for one year without transfer to fresh medium. View and download powerpoint presentations on meristem culture ppt. Meristem culture was developed by morel and martin in 1952 for rivers eliminating from dahlia 5. Potato in vitro culture techniques and biotechnology. Slant the media as it cools so water does not settle around the meristem tip. Embryo culture is used to nurture embryos which tend to abort during development, as in the rosaceae kester and hense, 1955 and orchidaceae niimoto and sagawa, 1961 or to circumvent seed dormancy lammerts, 1962. In vitro culture of meristems and the establishment of micropropagation protocols are important tools for solving these problems.
Preparation of explants and nutrient media for in vitro meristem tip culture. Shoot tip culture and thermotherapy for recovering virusfree. Meristematic shoot tip culture obtain good quality seedling of. Meristem tip culture takes advantage of one of the natural developments of plant growth. The apical meristem is usually a dome of tissue located at the extreme tip of a shoot and measures approx. A second similar program was conducted during the summer of 1975 using the same procedure. Meristematic tissue, commonly called meristem, is composed of cells which are immature, not fully differentiated ones, and which possess the power of cell division. An already existing shoot meristem grows in the meristem culture and adventitious roots. Elimination of chrysanthemum stunt viroid csvd from meristem tip culture combined with prolonged cold treatment april 20 horticulture, environment and biotechnology 542.
Pdf a successful protocol for meristem tip culture to eliminate carnation latent virus from carnation cv. The major features of the culture medium to be considered are its nutrients, growth regulators and physical mature. In many plant breeding experiments, the hybrid plants produce abortive seeds or nonviable seeds. Meristem culture has been used in eradication of banana virusbmv,bbtv from infected banana plants and production of certified banana plant. Meristem tip culture of dendrobium orchid for boosting. Meristem culture and subsequent micropropagation of. Twelve commercial clones of poplar were cultured in vitro from meristem lips 0. Differentiated plant cells generally cannot divide or produce cells of a different type. In 1952 morel and martin were the first scientists who developed the technique of meristem culture for invivo virus eradication of dahlia.
Saurabh bhatia, kiran sharma, in modern applications of plant biotechnology in pharmaceutical sciences, 2015. The in vitro propagation techniques for producing banana. Transfer meristem tips to the culture medium on the end of the instrument such that the meristem tip is half immersed in medum. Rapid multiplication was accomplished using single node cutting in vitro. Tissue culture approaches would also allow for offseason production of fast growing plants compared with conventionally propagated ones 9.
Orchid cymbidium was micropropagated using this culture by morel in 1965. Find powerpoint presentations and slides using the power of, find free presentations research about meristem culture ppt. Meristem culture and subsequent micropropagation of chilean. Garlic shoot tip culture associated with dry heat thermotherapy. This technique is based on observations that the distribution of viruses in plants is uneven.
Production of healthy plant materials by shoot tip meristem. Foundation plant services guide to the strawberry clean plant. Classification of meristems based on position in the plant body 1. Complete plantlets were regenerated by transferring multiple shoots to a medium devoid of phytohormones. The mechanical support and additional conductive pathways needed by increased bulk are provided by the enlargement of the older parts of the shoot and root axes. This technique also refers to shoot tip or apical meristem culture. Jan 19, 2018 production of healthy plant materials by shoot tip meristem culture is a scientific and technical movie, illustrating the different stages of the meristem culture, that allows the regeneration. Meristem culture for virus elimination springerlink.
In order to develop transgenic plants via the biolistic gun method regenerable embryogenic tissues are required. Pdf a simple procedure of gossypium meristem shoot tip. Meristem culture is used for shoot apical meristem culture in vitro. Different techniques in plant tissue culture may offer certain advantages over traditional methods of propagation, including. The apical meristem maintains itself, gives rise to new tissues and. Orchid cymbidium was micropropagated using meristem culture by morel in 1965 6. Plant tissue culture is a collection of techniques used to maintain or grow plant cells, tissues or organs under sterile conditions on a nutrient culture medium of known composition.
However, using the meristem tip culture technique seemed to be efficient for conducting diseasefree orchid cultures. Meristem shoot tips of 19 cultivars of cotton were cultured on several media formulations and assessed for shoot and root development. Virusfree plants were produced within six months using meristem tip culture. Meristem tips were aseptically dissected from apical shoots of dendrobium orchid plants under the stereomicroscope. Ppt meristem culture powerpoint presentation free to. This study was performed for comparison of meristem culture technique with shoot tip culture technique for obtaining virusfree plant, comparison of micropropagation success of two different nutrient media, and determination of effectiveness of realtime pcr assay for the detection of viruses. A marked effect of the meristem tip size on survival after 5 weeks of in vitro culture was found, with 76% survival for cultured meristems between 0. The essence of meristemtip culture is the excision of the organized apex of the shoot from a selected donor plant for subsequent. The use of shoot tip culture in foundation plant materials service programs. Virus elimination in strawberry using tissue culture youtube.
When virus or bacteria elimination is needed, meristem tip culture is the preferred option. Application of biotechnology in plant disease management. Since then the technique of meristem culture has been greatly. Plant development the activity of meristems britannica. As a result, it makes a barrier to crossibility in plants where nonviable seeds are unable to develop into mature hybrid plants. Two different garlic species allium sativum and allium tuncelianum and two different. Tissue culture techniques have been widely used in saccharum spp. Grout, journalmethods in molecular biology, year1999, volume111, pages 11525.
Elimination of virusesppv,pnrsvthrough themotherapy and meristem tip culture in nectarine. Influence of various compounds on media sterilization in. About 80% of the plants obtained by meristem tip culture indexed negatively. It consists of undifferentiated cells meristematic cells capable of cell division. Meristematic shoot tip culture to obtain good quality seedling of citrus citrus nobilis.